QuestionSelect true statements about ions: Anions are positively charged; $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$ have same protons; $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$ and $\mathrm{Br}^{-}$ have same electrons; $\mathrm{Cu}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ have same electrons; $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ forms from potassium losing one electron; gaining an electron makes a cation.

Studdy Solution

STEP 1

Assumptions1. Anions are ions with a negative charge. . Cations are ions with a positive charge.
3. The charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge) it has.
4. The atomic number of an element (which is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus) does not change during ion formation.
5. When an atom loses an electron, it forms a cation.
6. When an atom gains an electron, it forms an anion.

STEP 2

Evaluate the first statement "Anions carry a positive charge."
According to our assumptions, anions are ions with a negative charge, not a positive charge. Therefore, this statement is false.

STEP 3

Evaluate the second statement "The $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$ ions have the same number of protons."
According to our assumptions, the atomic number of an element (which is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus) does not change during ion formation. Therefore, $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$ , both being ions of iron (Fe), have the same number of protons. This statement is true.

STEP 4

Evaluate the third statement "The $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$ and $\mathrm{Br}^{-}$ ions have the same number of electrons."
The $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$ ion is formed when a chlorine atom gains one electron, and the $\mathrm{Br}^{-}$ ion is formed when a bromine atom gains one electron. However, chlorine and bromine have different atomic numbers, so they do not have the same number of electrons before or after gaining an electron. Therefore, this statement is false.

STEP 5

Evaluate the fourth statement "The $\mathrm{Cu}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ ions have the same number of electrons."
The $\mathrm{Cu}^{+}$ ion is formed when a copper atom loses one electron, and the $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ ion is formed when a copper atom loses two electrons. Therefore, these two ions do not have the same number of electrons. This statement is false.

STEP 6

Evaluate the fifth statement "The $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ ion is formed when a potassium atom loses one electron."
According to our assumptions, when an atom loses an electron, it forms a cation. The $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ ion is indeed a cation formed when a potassium atom loses one electron. Therefore, this statement is true.

STEP 7

Evaluate the sixth statement "When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a cation."
According to our assumptions, when an atom gains an electron, it forms an anion, not a cation. Therefore, this statement is false.
The true statements are- The $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$ ions have the same number of protons. - The $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ ion is formed when a potassium atom loses one electron.

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